Metabolic Risk Factors and Outcomes in Acute Coronary Syndrome

Introduction: CAD is the most common cause of mortality in India. It is a common multifarious public health crisis today and a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in both developing and developed countries. Hence, understanding the predominant risk factors among the Indian population is important.

Materials and Methods: This was a hospital based age and sex matched case control study, carried out at Government Medical College and Rajindra Hospital Patiala. A total of 100 patients of Acute coronary syndrome were studied. Patients and controls were enquired about the presence of cardiometabolic risk factors and the significance of association of these risk factors with the occurrence of Acute coronary syndrome was given by p value of <0.05.

Results: Majority of the cases were in the age group 61-70 years (32%) with male to female ratio of 1.25:1. Significant association was found between ACS and risk factors like smoking, positive family history of IHD, hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, waist hip ratio and body mass index. Overall, most common outcome of ACS in the present study was NSTEMI (45%) followed by STEMI (35%) followed by Unstable angina (20%).

Conclusion: Significant association was found between smoking and occurrence of STEMI and significant association was found between Hypertension and occurrence of NSTEMI.