Etiological factors in young patients with Retinal Vein Occlusion: Etiological Factors of Retinal Vein Occlusion

Objective: To present the etiological factors of patients with Retinal Vein Occlusion (RVO) under the age of 50 years.

Methods: The study was conducted at Ege University Medicine Faculty Department of Ophthalmology. The clinical records of patients with RVO under the age of 50 seen between January 2014 and March 2018 were analyzed retrospectively. Forty patients comprised the study. Detailed ophthalmologic examination was performed. Past medical history, drug use, thrombophilic features, hyperviscosity syndromes and pathologies that may cause vasculitis were noted.

Results: Forty patients, 22 (55%) male and 18 (45%) female, were included. Mean age was 41.6 ± 10.01 years. Mean intraocular pressure and best-corrected visual acuity were 16.8 ± 5.47mmHg and 0.76 ± 0.64 logMAR, respectively. Hyperhomocystenemia (15 patients, 37.5%), Behçet’s disease (three patients, 7.5%), diabetes and/or hypertension (16 patients, 40%), methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene mutation (11 patients, 27.5%), prothrombin gene mutation (four patients, 10%) and factor V Leiden mutation (five patients, 12.5%) were present among the patients as etiological factor. Multiple etiological factors were detected in 11 (27.5%) patients. Factor V Leiden mutation and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene mutation were detected in one patient (2.5%) with Behçet’s disease. Four patients with diabetes and/or hypertension also had hyperhomocystenemia and one of them had additionally prothrombin gene mutation. Two patients with methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene mutation also had a factor V Leiden mutation and one of them had additionally a prothrombin gene mutation. Three patients with methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene mutation also had hyperhomocystenemia and one patient with prothrombin gene mutation also had methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene mutation.

Conclusions: Etiological factors that might result in RVO in young individuals should be investigated in detail. Targeted therapies may help to prevent development of new RVOs and potential vascular problems in other organs.